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Developing a new agenda for increased food and climate security

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023514

摘要：

● The urgent need to address increasing worldwide food and climate insecurity.

关键词： climate resilience food security human health planetary health regenerative agriculture

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Chemical transdifferentiation: closer to regenerative medicine

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 152-165 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0445-z

摘要：

Cell transdifferentiation, which directly switches one type of differentiated cells into another cell type, is more advantageous than cell reprogramming to generate pluripotent cells and differentiate them into functional cells. This process is crucial in regenerative medicine. However, the cell-converting strategies, which mainly depend on the virus-mediated expression of exogenous genes, have clinical safety concerns. Small molecules with compelling advantages are a potential alternative in manipulating cell fate conversion. In this review, we briefly retrospect the nature of cell transdifferentiation and summarize the current developments in the research of small molecules in promoting cell conversion. Particularly, we focus on the complete chemical compound-induced cell transdifferentiation, which is closer to the clinical translation in cell therapy. Despite these achievements, the mechanisms underpinning chemical transdifferentiation remain largely unknown. More importantly, identifying drugs that induce resident cell conversion in vivo to repair damaged tissue remains to be the end-goal in current regenerative medicine.

关键词： cell therapy cell transdifferentiation chemical compounds small molecules tissue regeneration

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Mesenchymal stem cells hold promise for regenerative medicine

Shihua Wang, Xuebin Qu, Robert Chunhua Zhao

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 372-378 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0164-4

摘要： Regenerative medicine is an emerging interdisciplinary field of research that uses several technological approaches including stem cells to repair tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a type of adult stem cell, have generated a great amount of interest over the past decade in this field. Numerous studies have explored the role of MSCs in tissue repair and modulation of allogeneic immune responses. The mechanisms through which MSCs exert their therapeutic potential rely on some key properties of the cells as follows: the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, endothelial, and neuronal cells; the ability to secrete multiple bioactive molecules capable of stimulating the recovery of injured cells and inhibiting inflammation; the lack of immunogenicity; and the ability to perform immunomodulatory functions. In the present review, we focus on these three aspects upon which the therapeutic effects of MSCs are mainly based. Furthermore, some pathological conditions under which the application of MSCs should be done with caution are also mentioned.

关键词： mesenchymal stem cells differentiation immunomodulation regenerative medicine

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Evaluation of regenerative braking based on single-pedal control for electric vehicles

Wei LIU, Xintian LIU, Yansong WANG, Hongzhong QI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第1期页码 166-179 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0546-x

摘要： More than 25% of vehicle kinetic energy can be recycled under urban driving cycles. A single-pedal control strategy for regenerative braking is proposed to further enhance energy efficiency. Acceleration and deceleration are controlled by a single pedal, which alleviates driving intensity and prompts energy recovery. Regenerative braking is theoretically analyzed based on the construction of the single-pedal system, vehicle braking dynamics, and energy conservation law. The single-pedal control strategy is developed by considering daily driving conditions, and a single-pedal simulation model is established. Typical driving cycles are simulated to verify the effectiveness of the single-pedal control strategy. A dynamometer test is conducted to confirm the validity of the simulation model. Results show that using the single-pedal control strategy for electric vehicles can effectively improve the energy recovery rate and extend the driving range under the premise of ensuring safety while braking. The study lays a technical foundation for the optimization of regenerative braking systems and development of single-pedal control systems, which are conducive to the promotion and popularization of electric vehicles.

关键词： electric vehicle single-pedal control regenerative braking co-simulation dynamometer test

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Regenerative braking control strategy in mild hybrid electric vehicles equipped with automatic manual

QIN Datong, YE Ming, LIU Zhenjun

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第3期页码 364-369 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0064-0

摘要： The actual regenerative braking force of an integrated starter/generator (ISG), which is varied with desired braking deceleration and vehicle speed, is calculated based on an analysis of the required deceleration, maximum braking force of ISG, engine braking force and state of charge (SOC) of battery. Braking force distribution strategies are presented according to the actual regenerative braking force of ISG. To recover the vehicle s kinetic energy maximally, braking shift rules for a mild hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) equipped with automatic manual transmission (AMT) are brought forward and effects of transmission ratios are considered. A test-bed is built up and regenerative braking tests are carried out. The results show that power recovered by the braking shift rules is more than that recovered by the normal braking control rules.

关键词： SOC Braking battery regenerative braking starter/generator

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Soil security and global food security

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023530

摘要：

● Much of the world’s agricultural land has been degraded through soil loss and degradation of soil organic matter.

关键词： Agriculture soil security food security regenerative

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China’s Agriculture Green Development: from Concept to Actions

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023512

摘要：

● A target-threshold indicator evaluation system is proposed to measure China’s agriculture transformation.

关键词： agricultural transformation Agriculture Green Development historical trend indicator system theoretical conception

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Therapeutic potential of stem cell in liver regeneration

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 26-32 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0107-0

摘要：

Liver transplantation is the only life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, its potential benefits are hampered by many disadvantages, such as the relative shortage of donors, operative risks, and high costs. These issues have prompted the search for new alternative therapies for irreversible liver disease. Stem cell therapy, with the ability for self-renewal and potential for multilineage differentiation, is a promising alternative approach. Several studies have demonstrated that transplantation of hepatic stem/progenitor cells or hepatocyte-like cells derived from multipotent stem cells leads to donor cell-mediated repopulation of the liver and improved survival rates in experimental models of liver disease. However, a registered clinical application based on stem cell technology will take at least an additional 5 to 10 years because of some limitations; e.g. the lack of suitable cell sources and risk of teratoma formation. This review summarizes the general understanding of the therapeutic potentials of stem cells in liver disease, including the sources, mechanisms, and delivery methods of hepatic stem cells in liver regeneration, and discusses some challenges for their therapeutic application.

关键词： stem cell liver disease regenerative medicine

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Policy options for Agriculture Green Development by farmers in China

Laurence E. D. SMITH

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第1期页码 90-97 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019290

摘要：

Farmers are the key agents who manage land and water. Agriculture Green Development (AGD) requires a transformation in farming from high resource consumption and environmental cost to sustainable intensification with high productivity, high resource use efficiency and low environmental risk. This paper analyzes the public policy challenge of AGD and makes the case for a location-sensitive policy mix made up of regulation, advice provision, voluntarism and targeted incentives. The public agricultural extension service in China is a key resource, but one that requires reorientation and reform with the aim of better balancing high farm productivity with environmental protection.

关键词： agriculture environment development incentives policy regulation

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2023年度农业前沿

农业项目组

《全球工程前沿》 2023年第7卷第1期页码 181-208

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HIGHLIGHTS OF THE SPECIAL ISSUE “CARBON NEUTRALITY AND A LOW CARBON ECONOMY FOR AGRICULTURE”

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 153-154 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023497

摘要： HIGHLIGHTS OF THE SPECIAL ISSUE “CARBON NEUTRALITY AND A LOW CARBON ECONOMY FOR AGRICULTURE”

关键词： CARBON ISSUE NEUTRALITY HIGHLIGHTS AGRICULTURE

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Highlights of special issue on ‘Agriculture in Water-Limited Areas’

Pute WU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 123-125 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017147

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Microorganism-derived biological macromolecules for tissue engineering

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期页码 358-377 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0903-0

摘要： According to literature, certain microorganism productions mediate biological effects. However, their beneficial characteristics remain unclear. Nowadays, scientists concentrate on obtaining natural materials from live creatures as new sources to produce innovative smart biomaterials for increasing tissue reconstruction in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The present review aims to introduce microorganism-derived biological macromolecules, such as pullulan, alginate, dextran, curdlan, and hyaluronic acid, and their available sources for tissue engineering. Growing evidence indicates that these materials can be used as biological material in scaffolds to enhance regeneration in damaged tissues and contribute to cosmetic and dermatological applications. These natural-based materials are attractive in pharmaceutical, regenerative medicine, and biomedical applications. This study provides a detailed overview of natural-based biomaterials, their chemical and physical properties, and new directions for future research and therapeutic applications.

关键词： biological macromolecules regenerative medicine tissue engineering exopolysaccharide carbohydrate

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WATER POLLUTION AND AGRICULTURE: MULTI-POLLUTANT PERSPECTIVES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第4期页码 639-647 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023527

摘要：

Agriculture is an important cause of multiple pollutants in water. With population growth and increasing food demand, more nutrients, plastics, pesticides, pathogens and antibiotics are expected to enter water systems in the 21st century. As a result, water science has been shifting from single-pollutant to multi-pollutant perspectives for large-scale water quality assessments. This perspective paper summarizes and discusses four main highlights related to water pollution and agriculture from the multi-pollutant perspective. These highlights reveal the spatial and temporal distribution and main sources of multiple pollutants in waters. Based on the highlights, a scientific agenda is proposed to prioritize solutions for sustainable agriculture (UN Sustainable Development Goal 2) and clean water (UN Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 14). This agenda points out that when formulating solutions for water pollution, it is essential to take into account multiple pollutants and their interactions beyond biogeochemistry.

关键词： water quality agriculture multi-pollutant assessment hotspots interactions